Nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd): memory effect and small capacity.
Nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH): small memory effect and large capacity.
Lithium ion (Li-lon): No memory effect, thin body, large capacity, due to different electrode materials, the electromotive force is 3.6V and 3.7V. The performance of lithium battery is the best among all kinds of existing batteries, with small size, light weight and large capacity. Widely used in digital cameras, notebook computers, mobile phones and other electronic products.
Lithium polymer: The electromotive force is about 12V. The lead-acid battery can be charged repeatedly. The electrolyte is a sulfuric acid solution with very small internal resistance. It is widely used in automobiles and motorcycles.
Lead-acid battery: more powerful, safer and lighter, the main development direction of low-speed electric charging vehicles in the future.
The new battery should use the way of cycle charge and discharge to activate the performance of the battery.
There is a time difference between the battery leaving the factory and the user, which can be as short as one month and as long as half a year.
For a battery with a long time difference, the electrode material will be passivated, so the manufacturer recommends that the battery used for the first time should be fully charged and discharged 3 to 5 times in order to eliminate the passivation of the electrode material and achieve the maximum capacity.
The full charge and discharge mentioned here should not be deep discharge, but should be controlled at 5%~8%. Otherwise a new battery is likely to be scrapped.
When a new battery is bought back, it is best to perform three cycles of charging and discharging, and the charging time should exceed 12 hours in order to activate the maximum performance of the battery.
In order to achieve the most perfect saturation state, the Ni-MH battery needs to go through the process of “replenishment” and “trickle flow”. This time is generally about 5 hours.
At present, the “constant current” and “constant voltage” charging characteristics of lithium-ion batteries control the deep charging time within 4 hours. Once fully charged, the protection circuit inside the battery will automatically stop charging, so this approach is unscientific and has no practical significance.
As long as the rechargeable battery is used properly, it will appear in the best state within a certain cycle range and reach the maximum capacity.
This statement is more common in Japanese product batteries, and it can usually be seen in the cycle characteristic diagram in its technical specification.
However, for the current mainstream lithium-ion batteries, this cycle peak phenomenon does not exist. Because the capacity of lithium-ion batteries is shown as one less cycle from the factory to the end of life, and there has never been a phenomenon of capacity recovery.
For two batteries with the same nominal capacity (for example, 800mAh), if the actual measured capacity of one is 860mAh and the other is 805mAh, then the 860mAh must be better than the 805mAh.
Generally speaking, the higher the capacity of lithium-ion batteries of different models (different volumes), the longer the usage time. If you put aside factors such as volume and weight, of course, the higher the capacity, the better. But not necessarily for two batteries with the same nominal capacity (such as the above example).
Because the battery with a high actual capacity is likely to add substances used to increase the initial capacity to the electrode material and reduce the substance used to stabilize the electrode.
The result is that after dozens of cycles, the block with high capacity decays rapidly, while the block with low capacity remains strong.
If the rechargeable battery is not in use, it should be discharged before saving.
To start with its congenital defects, it is the “aging effect”. After a lithium-ion battery is stored for a period of time, even if it is not recycled, some of its capacity will be permanently lost, because the positive and negative materials of the lithium-ion battery have started their depletion process since they left the factory.
The magnitude of aging is also different at different temperatures and degrees of saturation.
When charging the battery, recharge it for 12 hours after it is fully charged, which is conducive to enhancing the saturation of the battery.
Under normal circumstances, a qualified charger will automatically turn off the charging circuit after charging, and there is no current, even if the battery is placed on the charger for 10 hours, it will not help.
At present, most mobile phone chargers sample such a design. Therefore, when the green indicator light is on, just take the battery down and use it.